NORP vs. ORAC Please explain:
The Third Grade Science Class Explanation:
The story of the farmer and the doctor:
There are special people in our lives and two of them are the farmer that provides us with food and nourishment but when we need special help when we are sick we rely on the doctor to get well. The farmer is educated on how to grow food but when we are sick we rely on the many years of scientific education that doctors learn to make us better.
ORAC is like the farmer. It is a good test for good things called antioxidants that are in foods, such as juices from the farmer’s fruits and berries. A better test is NORP which, like the doctor is very exacting and educated on the ways antioxidants work to make us better.
The Adult Explanation:
Oxidation Made Simple
The process of oxidation starts with the air you breathe. Each oxygen atom has a nucleus in the center with tiny electrons circling around it like satellites orbiting the earth. In your body, oxidation of your food molecules produces CO2 which you exhale, but the “ashes” remain in your body as electron-deficient molecules called “free radicals”. They are dangerous because they roam through your body attempting to replace their missing electrons by stealing electrons from your vital cells, causing damage which usually disables their ability to reproduce as healthy normal cells.
Most people think free radicals come from outside us from sources such as pollution, and this is true too. They are the smoke-of-the-fuel, the oxygen remains from the combustion of food, petrol, tobacco or otherwise, but even in a pollution free world oxidants are being produced constantly in our bodies.
Anti-oxidation Made Simple
Scientists agree that oxidized compounds wrinkle your skin, damage internal organs, damage DNA and contribute to the signs and symptoms of early aging. The natural way to resist oxidized damage is to provide your body with anti-oxidants – some of which you make, some you eat and drink, and others you may supplement. How do you know which antioxidant is best for you?
Please note: the essential function of an antioxidant is to supply electrons to electron-deficient free radicals so they no longer steal electrons from vital cells. Then how do you determine which antioxidant is the most effective?
The NORP Test Explained
You can measure an antioxidant’s potential to supply electrons dispersed into a liquid by using an ORP (Oxidation/Reduction Potential) meter.
The ORAC Test Explained
Another test, known as ORAC (which stands for oxygen radical absorbance capacity), was developed to measure the antioxidants in foods, primarily polyphenols, which are present in brightly colored fruits and vegetables. This gold-standard for measuring antioxidant protection is based on the intensity of the color in the food which is related to its ability to quench a certain type of free radical.
Blueberries are notorious for exhibiting a high ORAC value. Antioxidants that have high ORAC values may not have high bioavailability, making the ORAC value no measure of how the antioxidant is used in the body. Furthermore, not all antioxidants have color. Some of the most effective antioxidants are white minerals, such as zinc and selenium. Therefore an ORAC test cannot be used to evaluate these antioxidants.
You’ll have guessed already that the anti-oxidant capacity of ionized water cannot be measured by the ORAC score.
Your Best Antioxidant:
The best antioxidant is the one that is most bio-available with the greatest electron donating capacity. For example, Ionized water offers you the easiest antioxidant ever in the form of pure drinking water with a reduced molecule cluster size. Not only does water require less digestion than foods or tablets, the reduced molecule cluster size alters the surface tension causing greater cellular permeability. Antioxidants are required everywhere in our body – not just in our bowel.
Summary
It would be useful if greater comparison of antioxidants could be achieved. There is no formula for conversion between NORP and ORAC. NORP is not a restrictive test like ORAC though, and anyone can purchase an NORP meter and begin testing anything they fancy in their own home.
What science has shown is that we benefit from a variety of antioxidants, so in any case don’t rely on a single source especially if the bio-availability is questionable.
Molecular Hydrogen has NORP ratings 7 to 10 times higher than some of the ‘hydrogen” producing water machines and generating methods that include pills, packets and alkalizing machines. The by-product of NORP ratings (the higher the negative value the better) is alkalinity. Hydrogen is a “selective” anti-oxidant so it will not destroy “good” oxidative processes such as SOD (Super Oxide Dismutase) where a high ORAC reading for a typical antioxidant will not have that selectivity. Our NORP tests consistently hit the -700’s which is unheard of in the traditional NORP marketplace. Clinically tested for hydrogen nano-bubbles and proven to work positively in a wide variety of human health challenges.

BEMER Technology advances to USA market.

Michele McDonough at her BEST on Culture.

Industry Best Practices: Create Your Own SCORECARD!

Posted on June 29, 2015 by Hakki Ozmorali Our guest author Michele McDonough is a business consultant and social selling strategist. She is experienced in the areas of social selling and sales field development, marketing/branding, rewards/recognition, leadership training, strategy and business development and channel management strategy. She held managerial responsibilities with direct selling companies at her previous career.

Guest Post by Michele McDonough
Industry Best Practices: Create Your Own SCORECARD!

I continually get asked, “What is the secret to a successful direct selling company?” My only simple (and short) answer to that is, the right culture. Thus leading to another question, “what is the right culture?” My simple answer again is, the right components all blended together — can give you that long lasting culture that many direct selling companies are on a quest to create. Some do well, and some never achieve it!  Let me define some of the components I look for or create when engaged on a project, whether it’s a startup or a seasoned organization that is feeling some growing pains.

Vision

A vision is a picture of the world that is made better because your company is representative of it. A company creates the vision and defines the “reason for being connected to it”. Some of the components that create your vision are: the story, the future, the WHY, the difference from other companies/competitive edge and the DREAM!

Mission

What you (the company) are about and what you stand for. How will you be perceived by the sales field, potential recruits, and the community (local and far away)? What does the business opportunity look and feel like to others (i.e. empowerment, travel, help the world be a better place, stimulate a better quality of life, etc.). Does the compensation plan fit the mission? Does everything you do and create stand behind and uphold the mission and vision?

Products

Do you have the right product strategy to accomplish the vision and mission of the company? And most importantly, what product features and benefits set you apart from others?

* Are you providing “niche products”?

* Are you providing quality products with great customer service?

* Are you providing a competitive return policy or product guarantee/warranty?

* Are you keeping up with product development and innovation (R & D) to remain cutting edge?

* Have you priced your products to what the market can bear and is there a perceived value?

* Do you offer the best products available for your product category?

* Do you offer products that the sales field is PROUD to represent to their friends and family?

* Does the product resolve an issue or address a concern?

Distribution Model

How does the Independent Consultant move the product or service (i.e. party plan, one-on-one)?

Does the distribution process marry with the vision and mission (culture)?

Is it easy to do the business (journey)? Is it easy to acquire the product or service?

Career or Compensation Plan

How does your company compensate your sales force (and the customers as well)?

Does your compensation plan match your Mission, Vision and Distribution Model?

Is it competitive, rewarding and lucrative?

Does it inspire the sales force to take the right action? Does it drive the Core Key Behaviors of a solid and long last career plan? 

Is it motivating to all demographics from millennials to baby boomers?

Is it perceived as achievable?

Is it easy to explain to others and does it have a clear path to financial success?

Does it DRIVE the RIGHT behaviors based on the company’s vision, mission and business plan?

Does it pay EARLY and OFTEN?

Sales & Support Plan

What non-financial drivers (including incentives, recognition programs, communication strategies and training) do you have in place to drive performance and the bottom line? Are the programs motivating?

Are SYSTEMS in place to drive CONSISTENT behaviors?

Are the programs duplicatable or easy to teach others?

Are you developing new Independent Consultants at the same time you are developing Leaders?

Do you have the right partners on the Executive team to lead the sales field?

Brand Identity

Are your trademarks and intellectual property protected?

Does your brand make people smile and think happy thoughts?

Are you creating BRAND AWARENESS in everything you do?

Is your brand identity current and cutting edge or old and antiquated?

Can you become a global brand that is identifiable?

Does your product and culture support your brand (and visa-versa?)

Does your mission and vision tell your BRAND story?

Does your brand tell a compelling and emotional story?

Does your tagline emulate your company philosophy and brand?

Quality & Customer Service

Can you deliver a brand synonymous with quality and customer service?

Can you provide the highest quality product available at the best price (and get it to the consumer expeditiously)?

Do you offer state-of-the-art customer service based on your client’s needs (do you create a memorable experience)?

Are customer standards included in your mission and vision?

Is the service you provide the highest of standards in customer service part of your daily routine (in the field and corporate)? 

Technology

Is cutting edge technology in all aspects of the business for TODAY and TOMORROW?

Do you provide a business that is easy and effortless (and most of all, FUN)?

Are you creating duplicatable systems and processes?

Are your tech processes (steps) easy to do? Remember, it’s all about the consumer experience and journey?

Does your technology support the success of the Independent Consultant?

Is your technology able to take you global?

Did you acquire your software based on needs today AND in the future?

Do the features and functionality match your business model?

Can you hit a button and run KPI reports to know exactly where your business is day-to-day?

Are you up to date on the ever changing world of social media?

Training & Education

Do you provide educational programs to support the Independent Consultant and customer to create the best experience possible?

* Do you provide training programs and support systems for a “path to success” for your sales field?

* Do you offer training in all modalities: live, video, digital, conference calls, etc.?

* Do your track your training ROI?

* Do you provide training on Day 1 to a new Independent Consultants?

* Do you provide Train the Trainer programs to reach a wider audience?

* Do you provide motivational coaching and mentoring as well as “tactical” training skills?

All of these areas lead back to the ultimate CULTURE!

If these areas are addressed, supported and the best decisions made, then you are on your way to a long lasting, inspirational and exciting CULTURE that people want to be connected to!

Black Gold; Humic and Fulvic Acid Explained.

Black Gold?
Humic and Fulvic Acids have a strong position in natural medicine for two reasons. They are truly “earth based” from specific soils and they have significant health impact in the area of mineral absorption and immune support.
Humic Acid is supported by science and clinical studies and represents “the form” for ingestion between the two materials. Fulvic acid is a readily available material that assists in mineral absorption. You are not what you eat, but what you absorb.
A critical understanding is that fulvic acid is a very small absorbable mineral material used to supplement soils for plant growth. Humic Acid contains fulvic acid and is the material for human health. The internet is surprisingly confused in the communication of the differences between the two materials as well as the human benefit. One gross example is livestrong.com which states that there is no clinical science supporting the use of Humic acid!
Humic Acid has a broader and more effective capacity to be selective in immune cell support. One example is the issue of the overactive immune system that if improperly stimulated actually has a destructive effect on the body thus, promoting aging and disease state progression. Rheumatoid Arthritis and Lupus are two of many examples that are prevalent today.
Over the past several centuries the world’s population has gradually evolved from an agrarian society–thinly spread–to an urban, bundled society, living in closer proximity than at any time prior in human history. As a result, there is far more interpersonal contact–that is, interaction–within and between populations.
In addition, world travel has greatly enhanced the spread of contagious disease. The epidemiology is clear: an infectious disease (for example, the 1968/69 Hong Kong flu) takes 6-8 months to circle the globe in today’s world. The 1918 Spanish flu killed somewhere around 50-100 million people worldwide. Imagine if such an epidemic occurred today (for example, swine flu; or air-born Ebola). Yet we are no better prepared to deal with such an outbreak than we were in 1918.
The ease of transmission of viral diseases, coupled with the potential for their rapid spread, means that no matter where we are in the world we are all at risk.
A New Answer: Humic Acid
On the optimistic side, modern pharmaceutical research continues to yield medications for a wide variety of illnesses; natural-product (nutraceutical) materials are often the source of inspiration behind new-drug development.
Humic acid–a soil extract–is one of the newest, most-exciting such natural products to reach the nutraceutical marketplace in recent years. It offers far-reaching benefits for human health and when properly sourced and processed, it is transformed into Humic Acid , the world’s first all-natural, safe, broad-spectrum antiviral.
Research on Humic has shown that it interferes with the mechanisms responsible for the viral infection of host cells. When added to cells either during or after viral adsorption, Humic Acid inhibits virus-to-cell fusion. Humic Acid can even displace viruses that have already attached to host cells. In either event, the viruses cannot replicate, and either die off or are destroyed by the host immune system.
Global Potential
Clinical data have firmly established the broad-spectrum efficacy of Humic Acid against such diverse viral types as hepatitis C, herpes, hemorrhagic fever, HIV, and influenza viruses.
On a commercial note, the world market for antiviral drugs, currently estimated at well over $60 billion per annum, represents one of the most challenging yet most significant global opportunities in the twenty-first century.
Worldwide Demand for a Safe, All-Natural, Effective Anti-Viral is Enormous.
In 1998, $4 billion dollars was spent on treatments for viral and bacterial diseases around the world. By 2004, that number had increased to $36 billion. Of that, over $9 billion was spent to fight viruses–an amount that increased to $14 billion in 2007. Overall, the natural products industry grew 9.8 percent in 2007 to more than $62 billion in sales.
No one knows exactly how much is spent on therapies that have little or no effect on viruses. Or on treatments that are more harmful than helpful. But we do know that millions of people let viral infections take their course and attempt no treatment at all. Probably because most people don’t yet know an all-natural, completely safe, and highly effective anti-viral is now available.

Mineral Supplementation An Evidence Based Approach.

Mineral Supplementation Brief by William Sickert BSc. JD CNC
It is inarguable that the body maintains pH on a constant basis in a cascade of very complex relationships based on physical, dietary and emotional load. Bicarbonate mineral supplementation has a massive impact on lowering the bodily requirements to feed alkalinity from it own resources. A classic disease manifestation of this “robbing Paul to pay Peter” principle is osteoporosis when the body uses calcium as a last resort for the process. Fatigue, muscle weakness and poor sleep are additional signs of this phenomenon. Baking Soda is a horrific source of sodium bicarbonate but used widely throughout the world to alkalize an acidic stomach or create a calming mechanism as a beverage before bed time.
Herbal combinations assist and complement the process of calming in products that have more intelligence behind their design. To say that the body does not benefit from such supplementation is a sign of an uninformed nutritionist.
The following evidence is a small resume that supports the concept of bicarbonate mineral supplementation and the best sources are derived from plant and sea water based sources.
Most credit should go to Dr. Mildred Selig in her book Magnesium Deficiency in the Pathogenesis of Disease. Her work is an embodiment of clinical evidence although the web is a cacophony of information that is good but more fragmented.
The following is a small taste of the evidence.
Bicarbonate has beneficial effects on health
(News vol 3, no 1, May 2001)
Bicarbonate is a major element in our body. Secreted by the stomach, it is necessary for digestion. When ingested, for example, with mineral water, it helps buffer lactic acid generated during exercise and also reduces the acidity of dietary components. Finally, it has a prevention effect on dental cavities.
Bicarbonate is present in all body fluids (see table) and organs and plays a major role in the acid-base balances in the human body. The first organ where food, beverages and water stay in our body is the stomach. The mucus membrane of the human stomach has 30 million glands which produce gastric juice containing not only acids, but also bicarbonate. The flow of bicarbonate in the stomach amounts from 400 µmol per hour (24.4 mg/h) for a basal output to 1,200 µmol per hour (73.2 mg/h) for a maximal output. Thus at least half a gram of bicarbonate is secreted daily in our stomach. This rate of gastric bicarbonate secretion is 2-10% of the maximum rate of acid secretion. In the stomach, bicarbonate participates in a mucus-bicarbonate barrier regarded as the first line of the protective and repair mechanisms. On neutralization by acid, carbon dioxide is produced from bicarbonate. A study has underlined that a dose of 6.17 g of sodium bicarbonate rapidly leaves the stomach with the liquid phase of the meal.
Effects of ingested bicarbonate
For digestion, bicarbonate is naturally produced by the gastric membrane in the stomach. This production will be low in alkaline conditions and will rise in response to acidity. In healthy individuals this adaptive mechanism will control the pH perfectly. To modify this pH with exogenous doses of bicarbonate, some clinical experiments have been conducted with sodium bicarbonate loads as high as 6 g. Only a transient effect on pH has been obtained. It is quite possible that bicarbonate in water may play a buffering role in the case of people sensitive to gastric acidity. Thus bicarbonate may be helpful for digestion.
The most important effect of bicarbonate ingestion is the change in acid-base balance as well as blood pH and bicarbonate concentration in biological fluids. It has been studied particularly in physically active people. Among the types of acid produced, lactic acid generated during exercise is buffered by bicarbonate. In a study on sports, a dose of 0.3 g per kg of body weight of sodium bicarbonate was given (15.25 g bicarbonate for a man of 70 kg) to subjects before performing 30 minutes cycling. While blood pH was increased and then maintained constant with this bicarbonate load due to the changes in blood bicarbonate concentrations, increased acidity and decreased bicarbonate blood concentration were observed in controlled subjects. Mineral water which contains bicarbonate (>600 mg/l) may have an effect on acid-base balance. It is the case of Qu zac. The daily consumption of 1.5 liter of Qu zac in healthy subjects has produced a significant increase in the urinary pH due to the ingested bicarbonate (1685 mg/l).
Prevention of renal stones
Bicarbonate also reduces the acidity of dietary components such as proteins. As an example, adding sodium or even more potassium bicarbonate to subjects on a high protein diet known to acidify urine and leading to hypercalciuria (high level of calcium in urine) has been shown to greatly reduce calcium urinary excretion. The effect has been observed with 5.5 g of bicarbonate supplement received daily for two weeks. A recent study presented in the review of literature highlights that a bicarbonate-rich mineral water could be useful in the prevention of the recurrence of calcium oxalate and uric acid renal stones.
Many oral hydration solutions contain bicarbonate showing the usefulness of bicarbonate to control water absorption in patients at risk of dehydration.
Sodium intake is restricted in patients with hypertension, but it is demonstrated that the accompanying anion, such as bicarbonate or chloride, plays an important role. It is now well established that sodium bicarbonate as well as citrate and phosphate salts do not raise blood pressure to the same extent as do the corresponding amounts of sodium chloride. A study on mineral water containing sodium bicarbonate has confirmed the absence of effect on blood pressure in elderly individuals.
Bicarbonate has been shown to decrease dental plaque acidity induced by sucrose and its buffering capacity is important to prevent dental cavities. Other studies have shown that bicarbonate inhibits plaque formation on teeth and, in addition, increases calcium uptake by dental enamel. This effect of bicarbonate on teeth is so well recognized that sodium bicarbonate-containing tooth powder was patented in the USA in October 1985. Sodium bicarbonate has been suggested to increase the pH in the oral cavity, potentially neutralizing the harmful effects of bacterial metabolic acids. Sodium bicarbonate is increasingly used in dentifrice and its presence appears to be less abrasive to enamel and dentine than other commercial toothpaste.
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Bicarbonate helps physically active people combat fatigue
(news vol 3, no 1, May 2001)
An ingestion of 300 mg/kg of body weight of bicarbonate before exercising will help you reduce muscular fatigue and so increase the performance of short- term physical exercise. Thus drinking mineral water containing bicarbonate may contribute to this beneficial intake.
Sportsmen continuously have two problems to solve : the other athletes to overtake and fatigue to overcome. The causes of fatigue are multifactorial, either they have physiological or psychological origins. From the physiological point of view, fatigue can have a central or peripheral origin. Among the peripheral causes, fatigue could be due to the accumulation of metabolites in muscle, such as lactates, hydrogen ions and ammonia. During prolonged submaximal effort, the major cause of fatigue is the energy substrate depletion (namely carbohydrates), but it has been shown that hyperthermia (over 40.1 C) or dehydration (over 1 or 2 % of body weight loss) could also contribute to the occurrence of fatigue.
In fact, to optimize performance, it is important to minimize fatigue and to delay its appearance. Athletes are aware of substances which could offset fatigue and since the 90s the use of sodium bicarbonate has become usual among sportsmen to buffer the acids produced during exercise.
Acid-base balance
The pH is a parameter expressing the acidity of a solution. Neutral pH is 7. For example, the pH of blood is normally 7.4 and that of muscle is 7.0. pH under 7 is acid, that is the case of vinegar (pH =3), orange juice (pH =3.7 ) or cola-drinks (pH =2.4). pH over 7 is basic or alkaline. Some mineral waters are alkaline, such as Abatilles (pH = 8.2).
Physical exercise can imply the production of lactic acid, leading to the acidification of pH in blood and muscle. In order to buffer this accumulation of lactic acid and to regulate the acid-base balance, the body uses biological buffers, especially the bicarbonate buffer system. But under conditions of intense physical activity (short or long-term), this natural buffer is limited and accumulation occurs with the risk of fatigue.
Sodium bicarbonate
The ingestion of sodium carbonate as a buffering agent has been studied in various experimental designs (repeated short bout exercises or long lasting efforts) and with large dose ranges (100 to 500 mg per kg body weight, ingested or injected). Plasma bicarbonate concentrations were shown to increase after oral ingestion but intracellular concentrations of bicarbonate in muscle were unchanged. However, recent studies underline that bicarbonate increases the transport of lactate from muscle. General considerations can be drawn from the 46 studies showing enhancements of exercise performance and 37 studies showing no enhancement : below 200 mg per kg body weight of sodium carbonate ingested, no effect on performance occurs. The optimum range to observe an effect seems to be around 300 mg per kg of body weight. Sodium bicarbonate ingestion is efficient for long lasting efforts, between 1 to 7 minutes (sprint, 200 m, 400m, 800m and 1500m). When cycling, running, swimming, rowing and weightlifting exercise performance is increased by sodium bicarbonate ingestion. Recently, a few studies have shown that sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride have the same ergogenic effect leading to the conclusion that the effect attributed to bicarbonate buffering may be due to sodium.
Even if the mechanism of the effect of bicarbonate is a matter of discussion, it is clear that at a dose close to 300 mg per kg of body weight of ingested bicarbonate increases the buffering capacity of blood and may decrease the acidity of the muscle pH. As a consequence, acid accumulation will be attenuated and energy production or force maintained. The improved acid balance obtained by this administration produces a reduction of fatigue and an enhancement of strength recovery.
Mineral water
Natural mineral or spring waters have various contents of bicarbonates, from some tens to hundreds of mg/liter for still waters and from several hundreds to thousands of mg/liter for sparkling waters (see table). Although studies have shown an effect on acid-base balance of some mineral waters containing more than 600 mg of bicarbonate per liter, physically active people need to drink large amounts of water to observe an effect on fatigue when exercising. In athletes, several authors have shown a significant increase in blood pH and blood bicarbonate without improvement of performance.
Moreover, if the optimum content of bicarbonate ingestion is close to 300 mg per kg of body, this means for a 70 kg sportsman a dose of about 15 g of bicarbonate. Accordingly, the ingestion of water alone will help reach an efficient dose of bicarbonate, if a large volume of water is taken several hours before exercising. It could contribute to lowering the bicarbonate load to be ingested and avoiding the possible gastrointestinal side-effects.
San Pellegrino: 219.6 mg per liter
Perrier: 390 mg per liter
Vitter: 402 mg per liter
Campilho: 1479 mg per liter
Qu zac: 1685.4 mg per liter
San Narciso: 2165.5 mg per liter
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Bibliography of Bicarbonate-related Articles
— “Normal adult humans eating Western diets have chronic, low-grade metabolic acidosis ….” Frassetto LA, Todd KM, Morris RC Jr, Sebastian A(1998) Am J Clin Nutr, 68 (3): 576-83
Estimation of net endogenous noncarbonic acid production in humans from diet potassium and protein contents
— “Previously we demonstrated that low grade chronic metabolic acidosis exists normally in humans eating ordinary diets … and that the degree of acidosis increases with age.” Frassetto L, Morris RC Jr, Sebastian A. (1997) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, Jan;82(1):254-9
Potassium Bicarbonate Reduces Urinary Nitrogen Excretion in Postmenopausal Women
— “In normal subjects, a low level of metabolic acidosis and positive acid balance (the production of more acid than is excreted) are typically present …” Sebastian A, Harris ST, Ottaway JH, Todd KM, Morris RC Jr(1994) N Engl J Med, 330 (25): 1776-81
Improved Mineral Balance and Skeletal Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women Treated with Potassium Bicarbonate
— “The lysosome system [acidic denaturing interior] provides the only intracellular environment capable of performing this pathological processing, and the recent observations reviewed here suggest that it lies at the heart of the pathogenesis of these diseases [Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Alzheimer’s disease, neuronal ageing and neuronal cell injury].” Mayer R J, Landon M, Laszlo L, Lennox G, Lowe J. (1992) The Lancet, Jul 18;340(8812):156-9
Protein processing in lysosomes: the new therapeutic target in neurodegenerative disease
— “Human metastatic breast cancer cells in culture contain large acidic vesicles ….. large acidic vesicles were associated with both phagocytosis and invasion …..” Montcourrier P, Mangeat PH, Valembois C, Salazar G, Sahuquet A, Duperray C, Rochefort H. (1994) J Cell Sci 1994 Sep;107 ( Pt 9):2381-91
– “Only a narrow pH range is compatible with life because even a small increase in [H+] [that is, cell acidity] has dramatic effects on normal cell function.” “The major source of H+ [acid] is … metabolically produced CO2 [carbon dioxide].” Sherwood, L. (Third Edition). 1994. Human Physiology. From Cells to Systems. p. 530
— “The crux of H+ [acid] balance [in the body] is maintaining the normal alkalinity of the extracellular fluid (pH 7.4) despite the constant onslaught of acid.” Sherwood, L. (Third Edition). 1994. Human Physiology. From Cells to Systems. p. 531
Fluid and Acid-Base Balance